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25.8.2011 von Bio.
Schmidt-Bleek sorgt sich um die zukunftsfähige Wohlfahrt Europas und seiner Industrie
Am Freitag, den 5. August hatte der Dax alle Jahresgewinne des Jahres 2011 abgegeben. Sarkozy und Merkel im Urlaub wollten sich der neuesten finanziellen Krise schnellstens widmen, zusammen mit dem Noch- Regierungschef Sabatero. Ganze zwei Wochen also hatten die milliardenschweren Gipfelbeschlüsse vom 21 Juli Geltung. Die Finanzwelt gerät offenbar weiter aus den Fugen. Und leider auch die Umwelt, wenngleich mit sehr viel weniger Medieninteresse als die globale Finanzaffäre.
Vor etwa 60 Jahren begann der Umweltschutz in (West) Deutschland. Damals ging es noch hauptsächlich um die menschliche Gesundheit. Sie war durch giftige Umweltchemikalien bedroht, wie etwa Blei und Dioxine. Das war die Zeit der “Chemikalie der Woche“ und das Buch „Seveso ist überall“ hatte Hochkonjunktur. Die Bundesregierung reagierte gezielt und ziemlich erfolgreich in Übereinstimmung mit der Kommission in Brüssel und der OECD. Der Umweltschutz sorgte für hundert Tausende von Arbeitsplätzen in Deutschland. Natürlich war er teuer, sehr teuer sogar, weil „aufgepflanzt“ auf die traditionellen Gestehungs- und Entsorgungskosten.
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25.8.2011 von Bio.
Wirtschafts-, Finanz- und Umweltpolitik haben es bisher nicht vermocht,
uns der Zukunftsfähigkeit näher zu bringen.
Um in unserer Wirtschaft erfolgreich zu sein, sind wir mehr oder weniger gezwungen,
unsere natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen zu zerstören.
Wir sollten eine umfassende Politik der Vorsorge vereinbaren bevor es zu spät ist,
unseren und deren Kinder eine Zukunft mit Zukunft zu ermöglichen.
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25.8.2011 von Bio.
Nachhaltiger Umweltschutz bedeutet, die für Menschen lebensnotwendigen Leistungen und Funktionen der Ökosphäre zu erhalten 1. Hergebrachte Umwelt-, Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, und Finanzpolitik haben dies nicht vermocht, und können dies auch in Zukunft nicht leisten. Die bisher übliche Strategie, auf Symptome von Umweltveränderungen erst dann zu reagieren, wenn Schäden und die Folgekosten bereits entstanden sind, hat mit Blick auf Nachhaltigkeit komplett versagt.
Physikalische Schlüsselursache für den Zerfall unserer Lebensgrundlage ist der weltweit hemmungslose Umgang mit den natürlichen Ressourcen Material, Wasser und Land. Das gilt auch und besonders für Energie, ist doch ihr ökologisches „Wirkungsprinzip“ die Menge der Ressource Material, die von der Wiege bis zu ihrer Anwendung aufgewendet wird. Und so lange die Naturnutzung einen Preis von Null hat, wird sich an unserem suizidalen Umgang mit der Ökosphäre kaum etwas ändern. Das westliche Wirtschaftsmodell macht Menschen zu Gefangenen einer Zivilisation, die mehr oder weniger dazu zwingt, die Umwelt zu zerstören, um zu leben.
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25.8.2011 von Bio.
HERSTELLUNG (ökologischer Rucksack) * “ Material Intensität (Prozesse, Produkt) * “ Wasser Intensität Prozesse, Produkt * “ Energie Intensität (Prozesse, Produkt) * “ Flächenintensität (Prozesse, Produkt) * “ % Input an nachhaltig erneuerbaren natürlichen Ressourcen * “ Produktgewicht (-masse)
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25.8.2011 von Bio.
We must dematerialize our western economies
an average factor of 10 or more,
as well as de-energize them,
if they are to be sustainable
F. Schmidt-Bleek, 1993
In the early 70ies of last century it became apparent hat all products of chemical industry should be examined for their potential dangers to humans and the environment. Early legislation was put in place in Japan, the USA and in the EU. The OECD undertook a considerable effort to develop harmonized testing guidelines and Good Laboratory Practice procedures in order to avoid non-tariff barriers to trade. Jim McNeill, Margarita Idman, Peter Mencke-Gückert, Rune Longren, and Bio F. Schmidt-Bleek were among the first to put this work in motion. The Chemicals “Part Two Program” was established within the OECD Environment Directorate and Peter Crawford became its first leader.
In its work, the OECD focused on the toxicity of chemicals to humans and the biosphere, as well as on chemical and physical effects and the behavior of chemicals during production (worker’s safety) and after release into the environment. During the past 30 years, the OECD chemical’s testing procedures have become world standard.
The concepts for judging the relative environmental burden of material insults to the environment were only at their beginning in the 70ies and 80ies: the analyses generally remained on the level of the examined case study. It is scientifically impossible to derive a complete picture of the ecological consequences of placing even a single chemical compound onto the market. Future surprises can never be ruled out as we learned from cases like the use of CFC’s. Generalizations of testing results were rarely possible, in part because of the tremendous complexity of ecological linkages and effects. And even if this complexity was ever completely understood for a particular case, it is by no means certain that the resulting discoveries would be transferable to other materials, procedures, facilities or services. In addition, something even more basic from an ecological point of view was missing from judging the dangers inherent in marketing chemicals in the 70ies and 80ies: although members of both industry and politics had endorsed it as essential for analyzing the ecological quality of goods, the “cradle to cradle” principle was not applied.
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25.8.2011 von Bio.
RESOURCES
• Natural resources are understood to mean materials – including fossils -, water, and land, as they are available on planet earth.
• Eco-systemic services and functions are vital for the survival of humans on planet earth.
• In a system sense, environment protection means: the best possible maintenance of eco-systemic services and functions.
• The physical root cause of the continuing destabilization of eco-systemic services and functions is the gigantic mobilization and excessive consumption of natural resources for the production and consumption of technical energy, shelter, food, material wealth and security.
• The ecological quality of goods, services and technical energy depends essentially upon their life-cycle-wide resource intensity (“ecological rucksack”, MIPS).
• Eco-systemic services and functions cannot be created by technology to any noteworthy extent.
• The limitation of physical resources on planet earth, population growth, and the need to protect the eco-systemic services and functions call for an average tenfold increase in resource productivity of western goods and services as well as for providing technical energy.
• The minimization of mobilization, extraction, and use of natural resources should preferably take place at the front end of economic activities.
• The economic root cause for the growing loss of eco-systemic services and functions is the near zero price for using nature.
• The human economy must be constrained to function within the limits of the environment and its resources and in such a way that it works with the grain of, rather than against, natural laws and processes. Sustainability cannot be reached otherwise.
• To measure welfare with GNP is counterproductive from a systems point of view.
• Traditional policies have not been able to prevent the life-threatening deterioration of eco-system services or other serious developments like financial or nuclear meltdowns. Rather than continuing to seek successive solutions for individual problems, system policies must be developed that aim to improve welfare and wellbeing of people by optimizing the efficiency and precautionary nature of measures. This can be achieved by eliminating root causes of (potentially) harmful developments first, rather than separately repairing their symptoms. System policies reduce the risks associated with taking actions. System policies are essential for approaching sustainability. They do not exclude that certain mayor existing problems are treated with priority (e. g. climatic change). However, all solutions must aim at minimizing the use of natural resources.
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22.6.2011 von Bio.
Translation of the book “WIEVIEL UMWELT BRAUCHT DER MENSCH, - MIPS, das Maß für ökologisches Wirtschaften”
Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin, 1994
Translated by Reuben Deumling Berkeley, California, 1993
PREFACE
You have before you the English translation of the first extensive account of the Factor Concept 1. And here is a bit of history how Factor 10 came about:
It was in 1989 when I realized that our approach to environmental protection could not get us to sustainability. Lack of progress demanded that we had to re-consider getting involved in solving one isolated problem after the after. Our attention had to be switched from the emission side of the economy to the enormous consumption of natural resources. Only this way we could control the outputs and make the right decisions before the damage was done and payments for it became due. And what about energy? Shouldn’t we begin to worry about its material intensity, rather than limiting our focus on the associated emissions, like SO2 and CO2?
It was a difficult and exciting time. Hardly anybody believed that maintaining a stable ecosphere would require dramatically reducing the use of resources. Factor 10 I said was the average reduction goal for rich countries! What I claimed was that we should measure environmental stress potentials of goods and services with a balance rather than - or at least in addition to - with a gas chromatograph or a mass spectrometer. Megatons, so I declared, were our overriding problem, not nano-grams. And the ecological rucksack was to be the new yardstick for the production of dematerialized goods, and its big brother MIPS for assessing their whole life-cycle. Ernst von Weizsäcker gave me a chance to solidify my model at the newly created Wuppertal Institute. To some degree he even believed my ideas. As is well known: he reached out for factor 4 later when he began writing about resources and energy. When you ask him about that, he will tell you that a tenfold improvement has to be reached in the long term. His earlier finding that prices do not speak the ecological truth is as true today as ever. And as long as this is the case, sustainability is but a dream.
In my endeavors at Wuppertal I got selfless competent help from young colleagues who had the guts to stand up to doubts, ridicule and even abuse from inside and outside the institute. Without being able to name them all, here are those who made vital contributions early: Stefan Bringezu, Friedrich Hinterberger, Harry Lehmann, Christa Liedtke, Christopher Manstein, Helmut Schütz, Joachim Spangenberg, Hartmut Stiller, Ursula Tischner, und Jola Welfens. I am grateful for their help in bringing my model to life. Without them a large basket of publications would not have appeared, convincing the world slowly that resource productivity of goods and services play a decisive role if a future with a future is to be gained.
Lately, industry and the ministers of economy have begun to worry seriously about the continued availability of natural resources. Welcome to the debate on a limited planet earth! One can only hope that nations will not apply economic power ruthlessly in the struggles ahead. The poor people would be again the ones to pay the price. And ecologically as well as economically we would continue to move away even further from sustainable conditions.
During the past 20 years we have shown in many enterprises that a radical reduction of resource use for goods and services must not lead to a loss in end-use satisfaction.
But the big question stubbornly remains: what does it take for finally breaking away from the old ways and move toward a new economic reality?
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31.5.2011 von Bio.
RESSOURCEN
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17.3.2011 von Bio.
F. Schmidt-Bleek, Markku Wilenius
In brief
While the world is talking about climate change, the real challenge of sustainability lies in a diminishing resource base for humans that calls for radical action. Sustainable economic conditions cannot be reached without increasing the resource productivity of the industrialized world dramatically. The price structure as well as economic boni and mali must be adjusted for approaching sustainability. The necessity to change lifestyles needs to be encouraged by all means of public policies. By 2050, the world-wide average per capita consumption shall not exceed 8 tons of material per year. System policies need be developed and applied to ascertain success. We need to start acting now. > more
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16.3.2011 von Bio.
ACT NOW BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE!
Did you know that YOUR lawn mower, YOUR washing machine and YOUR trip by car to the church are at the expense of ever-increasing climate change? You can see the devastating results as commonplace on the nightly news; floods, hurricanes and water shortages. Dying children. And it’s only getting worse……GIBT ES ZUKUNFT?Traditioneller Umweltschutz konzentriert sich noch immer auf die Bekämpfung einzelner ungewollter Konsequenzen der Wohlfahrtsgestaltung an der Ausgangsseite der Wirtschaft, einschließlich CO2. Zukunftsgerichteter Schutz der Umwelt hingegen muss zum Ziele haben, den grundlegenden Konflikt zwischen heutiger Wirtschaftsgestaltung und den Gesetzen der Natur zu lösen. An vorderster Stelle steht hierbei, natürliche Ressourcen dramatisch effizienter zu nutzen als bisher. Technik kann dies leisten. Aber nur dann, wenn es sich lohnt, und gesetzliche Bestimmungen dies unterstützen.more
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